KAICIID’s “Faith4SDGs” Project showcases the work of faith actors in providing quality education, clean water, renewable energy, jobs, safe housing and ensuring gender equality in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This week, the project is supporting the SDG Global Festival of Action to promote interreligious partnerships around sustainable development and equal opportunity for all.

“As a meteorologist in Nigeria, I can say authoritatively that almost all the climate models indicate that Africa is going to be hardest hit by climate change.”

That’s the grim prognosis of Dr. Auwal Farouk Abdussalam, one of many in the climate community fearing the worst for the planet’s most impoverished continent.

Between 75 and 250 million Africans will this year experience increased water stress due to rising temperatures, according to UN predictions.

Climate crises are linked to many of Africa’s fiercest challenges: driving mass migration and displacement as homes are swept away by floods; crippling the agricultural sector – the backbone of Africa’s economy – as crops and water sources are destroyed by drought; jeopardising food security and livelihoods; and increasing the spread of infectious diseases.

In turn, these effects exacerbate endemic socio-economic issues, inflame regional violence, and pile pressure on overburdened healthcare systems.

And yet, “most of the people at greatest risk don’t even know what climate change is,” says Abdussalam, a KAICIID Fellow and climate expert who works with faith groups to raise environmental awareness.

“We need to get religious leaders to act together because they have a followership. They enjoy both the loyalty of the elite group, and of the peasant and rural communities. When they talk, people listen as they have respect.”

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Before they can extol the virtues of environmentalism, however, faith leaders must come together and be taught the key objectives of climate ambassadorship. Of these, Abdussalam has identified six:

1. Raising awareness of climate change

“The main challenge is that a huge proportion of the population is not aware of climate change,” explains Abdussalam, which is why religious leaders must first and foremost engage their congregations on the issue.

This is especially true in the case of rural communities, where climate awareness tends to be lower, despite their heightened vulnerability to changing weather. 

In Nigeria, almost three-quarters of the population relies solely on rain-based agriculture for its sustenance and livelihood. With rising temperatures, precipitation becomes less predictable, says Abdussalam, making it harder for farmers to plan their harvest.

In some parts of the continent — particularly the Horn of Africa — declining rainfall has sparked territorial disputes and, in several cases, armed conflict.

2. Educating communities to make a difference

Though vital, spreading the climate change message alone is not enough, Abdussalam argues. Faith leaders must also equip their followers with the skills needed to make a difference.

“Religious groups should take a lead in training local people on the practical measures that they can take to be more environmental. We’ve seen some good progress on this globally, particularly in South East Asia.”

Indonesia’s Muslim community is a prime example. In 2016, the country’s highest Islamic council issued a fatwa on the burning of woodland, encouraging other, more ecologically friendly means of clearing space for agriculture. At a grassroots level, too, Muslim leaders have been instigating green-change, encouraging local farmers to flood their peatland — a process that facilitates carbon capture — instead of igniting it.  

Encouragingly, parts of Africa are seeing similar initiatives take root, Abdussalam says. In Kenya, for instance, mosques are taking an increasingly active role in discouraging the use of charcoal as a fuel source, while the country’s Mennonite movement has played a key part in the construction of ‘sand dams’ — earthen structures that reduce water waste in rural communities.

3. Increasing collaboration with policymakers

If Africa is to rise to the challenge of climate change, religious leaders must take their message not only to the rural hinterland, but also to the heart of government, Abdussalam adds.

“African lawmakers, unfortunately, are not that serious about climate issues. Discussions are domiciled in the ministries of environment and at climate conferences. In other words, only at the periphery of decision making.”

With their unique societal position, faith leaders are well placed to push against this, Abdussalam believes. They must become “pressure groups, using their pulpits and sermons” to encourage a step change at the top, he says.

The public health ramifications of Africa’s changing climate gives this a particular urgency, with many of the continent’s most deadly illnesses — meningitis, cholera, malaria — predicted to increase in prevalence as temperatures rise.

“Take the Ethiopian highlands. There didn’t used to be mosquitos there because it was too cold,” Abdussalam says. “But now we’ve got malaria cases in those communities, and immunity is very low.”

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4. Preaching climate consciousness and moderation

Woven into the fabric of most religions, moderation is key to fighting climate change.

“We see it with cars on the road, with the energy used to power our homes. If people are greedy and keep wanting more, we won’t be able to reduce carbon emissions,” Abdussalam says.

With their moral capital, religious leaders of all traditions must challenge this over-usage, drawing on scripture to impress upon their followers the need for self-discipline.

This is especially true in the case of “the rich and the ‘haves’,” who have a particular responsibility to act in a climate conscious manner, Abdussalam explains.

“You might see someone travel by private jet. If he was to practice moderation, he would instead use commercial air travel, which would reduce carbon emissions.”

5. Taking the message across borders and parties

In the climate fight, Abdussalam believes religious leaders must be active not only at a grassroots and state level, but also on a wider stage.

“They have to take their message to cross-border and cross-party discussions and conferences, because global warming doesn’t belong to one single community or country, it belongs to the entire planet.”

KAICIID’s “Faith4SDGs” Project has sought to support global collaboration by showcasing faith-based organizations which are at the forefront of sustainable development. Featured organizations included Khalsa Aid, an international humanitarian group with Sikh roots, which strives to supply clean water to underprivileged communities in Malawi, and Interfaith Power and Light, which works to mitigate the effects of climate change on vulnerable and indigenous communities. 

6. Mobilising funding and resources

Such work would not be possible without access to funding. That, according to Abdussalam, is why religious leaders must educate themselves and their following on the availability of financial support.

The UN’s Green Climate Fund (GCF) is the starting point for many.

With its deep pockets — the fund is worth more than $10 billion — the GCF directs cash towards countries in need of climate-focused investment. Nigeria is one of several African nations to receive funding, with plans for numerous solar power projects to provide rural communities with clean electricity.

Each of these objectives must be actioned immediately. Africa is behind the climate change curve already, warns Abdussalam, and the continent faces a very real environmental emergency. Without swift action from its religious communities, that could turn into a disaster very quickly.

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